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/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// getID3() by James Heinrich &lt;info@getid3.org&gt;               //
//  available at https://github.com/JamesHeinrich/getID3       //
//            or https://www.getid3.org                        //
//            or http://getid3.sourceforge.net                 //
//                                                             //
// getid3.lib.php - part of getID3()                           //
//  see readme.txt for more details                            //
//                                                            ///
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

if (!defined(&#039;GETID3_LIBXML_OPTIONS&#039;) &amp;&amp; defined(&#039;LIBXML_VERSION&#039;)) {
	if (LIBXML_VERSION &gt;= 20621) {
		define(&#039;GETID3_LIBXML_OPTIONS&#039;, LIBXML_NONET | LIBXML_NOWARNING | LIBXML_COMPACT);
	} else {
		define(&#039;GETID3_LIBXML_OPTIONS&#039;, LIBXML_NONET | LIBXML_NOWARNING);
	}
}

// Available since PHP 7.0 (2015-Dec-03 https://www.php.net/ChangeLog-7.php)
if (!defined(&#039;PHP_INT_MIN&#039;)) {
	define(&#039;PHP_INT_MIN&#039;, ~PHP_INT_MAX);
}

class getid3_lib
{
	/**
	 * @param string      $string
	 * @param bool        $hex
	 * @param bool        $spaces
	 * @param string|bool $htmlencoding
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function PrintHexBytes($string, $hex=true, $spaces=true, $htmlencoding=&#039;UTF-8&#039;) {
		$returnstring = &#039;&#039;;
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i++) {
			if ($hex) {
				$returnstring .= str_pad(dechex(ord($string[$i])), 2, &#039;0&#039;, STR_PAD_LEFT);
			} else {
				$returnstring .= &#039; &#039;.(preg_match(&quot;#[\x20-\x7E]#&quot;, $string[$i]) ? $string[$i] : &#039;¤&#039;);
			}
			if ($spaces) {
				$returnstring .= &#039; &#039;;
			}
		}
		if (!empty($htmlencoding)) {
			if ($htmlencoding === true) {
				$htmlencoding = &#039;UTF-8&#039;; // prior to getID3 v1.9.0 the function&#039;s 4th parameter was boolean
			}
			$returnstring = htmlentities($returnstring, ENT_QUOTES, $htmlencoding);
		}
		return $returnstring;
	}

	/**
	 * Truncates a floating-point number at the decimal point.
	 *
	 * @param float $floatnumber
	 *
	 * @return float|int returns int (if possible, otherwise float)
	 */
	public static function trunc($floatnumber) {
		if ($floatnumber &gt;= 1) {
			$truncatednumber = floor($floatnumber);
		} elseif ($floatnumber &lt;= -1) {
			$truncatednumber = ceil($floatnumber);
		} else {
			$truncatednumber = 0;
		}
		if (self::intValueSupported($truncatednumber)) {
			$truncatednumber = (int) $truncatednumber;
		}
		return $truncatednumber;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int|null $variable
	 * @param-out int  $variable
	 * @param int      $increment
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public static function safe_inc(&amp;$variable, $increment=1) {
		if (isset($variable)) {
			$variable += $increment;
		} else {
			$variable = $increment;
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int|float $floatnum
	 *
	 * @return int|float
	 */
	public static function CastAsInt($floatnum) {
		// convert to float if not already
		$floatnum = (float) $floatnum;

		// convert a float to type int, only if possible
		if (self::trunc($floatnum) == $floatnum) {
			// it&#039;s not floating point
			if (self::intValueSupported($floatnum)) {
				// it&#039;s within int range
				$floatnum = (int) $floatnum;
			}
		}
		return $floatnum;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $num
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public static function intValueSupported($num) {
		// really should be &lt;= and &gt;= but trying &quot;(int)9.2233720368548E+18&quot; results in PHP warning &quot;The float 9.2233720368548E+18 is not representable as an int, cast occurred&quot;
		return (($num &lt; PHP_INT_MAX) &amp;&amp; ($num &gt; PHP_INT_MIN));
	}

	/**
	 * Perform a division, guarding against division by zero
	 *
	 * @param float|int $numerator
	 * @param float|int $denominator
	 * @param float|int $fallback
	 * @return float|int
	 */
	public static function SafeDiv($numerator, $denominator, $fallback = 0) {
		return $denominator ? $numerator / $denominator : $fallback;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $fraction
	 *
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function DecimalizeFraction($fraction) {
		list($numerator, $denominator) = explode(&#039;/&#039;, $fraction);
		return (int) $numerator / ($denominator ? $denominator : 1);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $binarynumerator
	 *
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function DecimalBinary2Float($binarynumerator) {
		$numerator   = self::Bin2Dec($binarynumerator);
		$denominator = self::Bin2Dec(&#039;1&#039;.str_repeat(&#039;0&#039;, strlen($binarynumerator)));
		return ($numerator / $denominator);
	}

	/**
	 * @link http://www.scri.fsu.edu/~jac/MAD3401/Backgrnd/binary.html
	 *
	 * @param string $binarypointnumber
	 * @param int    $maxbits
	 *
	 * @return array
	 */
	public static function NormalizeBinaryPoint($binarypointnumber, $maxbits=52) {
		if (strpos($binarypointnumber, &#039;.&#039;) === false) {
			$binarypointnumber = &#039;0.&#039;.$binarypointnumber;
		} elseif ($binarypointnumber[0] == &#039;.&#039;) {
			$binarypointnumber = &#039;0&#039;.$binarypointnumber;
		}
		$exponent = 0;
		while (($binarypointnumber[0] != &#039;1&#039;) || (substr($binarypointnumber, 1, 1) != &#039;.&#039;)) {
			if (substr($binarypointnumber, 1, 1) == &#039;.&#039;) {
				$exponent--;
				$binarypointnumber = substr($binarypointnumber, 2, 1).&#039;.&#039;.substr($binarypointnumber, 3);
			} else {
				$pointpos = strpos($binarypointnumber, &#039;.&#039;);
				$exponent += ($pointpos - 1);
				$binarypointnumber = str_replace(&#039;.&#039;, &#039;&#039;, $binarypointnumber);
				$binarypointnumber = $binarypointnumber[0].&#039;.&#039;.substr($binarypointnumber, 1);
			}
		}
		$binarypointnumber = str_pad(substr($binarypointnumber, 0, $maxbits + 2), $maxbits + 2, &#039;0&#039;, STR_PAD_RIGHT);
		return array(&#039;normalized&#039;=&gt;$binarypointnumber, &#039;exponent&#039;=&gt;(int) $exponent);
	}

	/**
	 * @link http://www.scri.fsu.edu/~jac/MAD3401/Backgrnd/binary.html
	 *
	 * @param float $floatvalue
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function Float2BinaryDecimal($floatvalue) {
		$maxbits = 128; // to how many bits of precision should the calculations be taken?
		$intpart   = self::trunc($floatvalue);
		$floatpart = abs($floatvalue - $intpart);
		$pointbitstring = &#039;&#039;;
		while (($floatpart != 0) &amp;&amp; (strlen($pointbitstring) &lt; $maxbits)) {
			$floatpart *= 2;
			$pointbitstring .= (string) self::trunc($floatpart);
			$floatpart -= self::trunc($floatpart);
		}
		$binarypointnumber = decbin($intpart).&#039;.&#039;.$pointbitstring;
		return $binarypointnumber;
	}

	/**
	 * @link http://www.scri.fsu.edu/~jac/MAD3401/Backgrnd/ieee-expl.html
	 *
	 * @param float $floatvalue
	 * @param int $bits
	 *
	 * @return string|false
	 */
	public static function Float2String($floatvalue, $bits) {
		$exponentbits = 0;
		$fractionbits = 0;
		switch ($bits) {
			case 32:
				$exponentbits = 8;
				$fractionbits = 23;
				break;

			case 64:
				$exponentbits = 11;
				$fractionbits = 52;
				break;

			default:
				return false;
		}
		if ($floatvalue &gt;= 0) {
			$signbit = &#039;0&#039;;
		} else {
			$signbit = &#039;1&#039;;
		}
		$normalizedbinary  = self::NormalizeBinaryPoint(self::Float2BinaryDecimal($floatvalue), $fractionbits);
		$biasedexponent    = pow(2, $exponentbits - 1) - 1 + $normalizedbinary[&#039;exponent&#039;]; // (127 or 1023) +/- exponent
		$exponentbitstring = str_pad(decbin($biasedexponent), $exponentbits, &#039;0&#039;, STR_PAD_LEFT);
		$fractionbitstring = str_pad(substr($normalizedbinary[&#039;normalized&#039;], 2), $fractionbits, &#039;0&#039;, STR_PAD_RIGHT);

		return self::BigEndian2String(self::Bin2Dec($signbit.$exponentbitstring.$fractionbitstring), $bits % 8, false);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $byteword
	 *
	 * @return float|false
	 */
	public static function LittleEndian2Float($byteword) {
		return self::BigEndian2Float(strrev($byteword));
	}

	/**
	 * ANSI/IEEE Standard 754-1985, Standard for Binary Floating Point Arithmetic
	 *
	 * @link https://web.archive.org/web/20120325162206/http://www.psc.edu/general/software/packages/ieee/ieee.php
	 * @link http://www.scri.fsu.edu/~jac/MAD3401/Backgrnd/ieee.html
	 *
	 * @param string $byteword
	 *
	 * @return float|false
	 */
	public static function BigEndian2Float($byteword) {
		$bitword = self::BigEndian2Bin($byteword);
		if (!$bitword) {
			return 0;
		}
		$signbit = $bitword[0];
		$floatvalue = 0;
		$exponentbits = 0;
		$fractionbits = 0;

		switch (strlen($byteword) * 8) {
			case 32:
				$exponentbits = 8;
				$fractionbits = 23;
				break;

			case 64:
				$exponentbits = 11;
				$fractionbits = 52;
				break;

			case 80:
				// 80-bit Apple SANE format
				// http://www.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.06/06.01/SANENormalized/
				$exponentstring = substr($bitword, 1, 15);
				$isnormalized = intval($bitword[16]);
				$fractionstring = substr($bitword, 17, 63);
				$exponent = pow(2, self::Bin2Dec($exponentstring) - 16383);
				$fraction = $isnormalized + self::DecimalBinary2Float($fractionstring);
				$floatvalue = $exponent * $fraction;
				if ($signbit == &#039;1&#039;) {
					$floatvalue *= -1;
				}
				return $floatvalue;

			default:
				return false;
		}
		$exponentstring = substr($bitword, 1, $exponentbits);
		$fractionstring = substr($bitword, $exponentbits + 1, $fractionbits);
		$exponent = self::Bin2Dec($exponentstring);
		$fraction = self::Bin2Dec($fractionstring);

		if (($exponent == (pow(2, $exponentbits) - 1)) &amp;&amp; ($fraction != 0)) {
			// Not a Number
			$floatvalue = NAN;
		} elseif (($exponent == (pow(2, $exponentbits) - 1)) &amp;&amp; ($fraction == 0)) {
			if ($signbit == &#039;1&#039;) {
				$floatvalue = -INF;
			} else {
				$floatvalue = INF;
			}
		} elseif (($exponent == 0) &amp;&amp; ($fraction == 0)) {
			if ($signbit == &#039;1&#039;) {
				$floatvalue = -0.0;
			} else {
				$floatvalue = 0.0;
			}
		} elseif (($exponent == 0) &amp;&amp; ($fraction != 0)) {
			// These are &#039;unnormalized&#039; values
			$floatvalue = pow(2, (-1 * (pow(2, $exponentbits - 1) - 2))) * self::DecimalBinary2Float($fractionstring);
			if ($signbit == &#039;1&#039;) {
				$floatvalue *= -1;
			}
		} elseif ($exponent != 0) {
			$floatvalue = pow(2, ($exponent - (pow(2, $exponentbits - 1) - 1))) * (1 + self::DecimalBinary2Float($fractionstring));
			if ($signbit == &#039;1&#039;) {
				$floatvalue *= -1;
			}
		}
		return (float) $floatvalue;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $byteword
	 * @param bool   $synchsafe
	 * @param bool   $signed
	 *
	 * @return int|float|false
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static function BigEndian2Int($byteword, $synchsafe=false, $signed=false) {
		$intvalue = 0;
		$bytewordlen = strlen($byteword);
		if ($bytewordlen == 0) {
			return false;
		}
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; $bytewordlen; $i++) {
			if ($synchsafe) { // disregard MSB, effectively 7-bit bytes
				//$intvalue = $intvalue | (ord($byteword{$i}) &amp; 0x7F) &lt;&lt; (($bytewordlen - 1 - $i) * 7); // faster, but runs into problems past 2^31 on 32-bit systems
				$intvalue += (ord($byteword[$i]) &amp; 0x7F) * pow(2, ($bytewordlen - 1 - $i) * 7);
			} else {
				$intvalue += ord($byteword[$i]) * pow(256, ($bytewordlen - 1 - $i));
			}
		}
		if ($signed &amp;&amp; !$synchsafe) {
			// synchsafe ints are not allowed to be signed
			if ($bytewordlen &lt;= PHP_INT_SIZE) {
				$signMaskBit = 0x80 &lt;&lt; (8 * ($bytewordlen - 1));
				if ($intvalue &amp; $signMaskBit) {
					$intvalue = 0 - ($intvalue &amp; ($signMaskBit - 1));
				}
			} else {
				throw new Exception(&#039;ERROR: Cannot have signed integers larger than &#039;.(8 * PHP_INT_SIZE).&#039;-bits (&#039;.strlen($byteword).&#039;) in self::BigEndian2Int()&#039;);
			}
		}
		return self::CastAsInt($intvalue);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $byteword
	 * @param bool   $signed
	 *
	 * @return int|float|false
	 */
	public static function LittleEndian2Int($byteword, $signed=false) {
		return self::BigEndian2Int(strrev($byteword), false, $signed);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $byteword
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function LittleEndian2Bin($byteword) {
		return self::BigEndian2Bin(strrev($byteword));
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $byteword
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function BigEndian2Bin($byteword) {
		$binvalue = &#039;&#039;;
		$bytewordlen = strlen($byteword);
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; $bytewordlen; $i++) {
			$binvalue .= str_pad(decbin(ord($byteword[$i])), 8, &#039;0&#039;, STR_PAD_LEFT);
		}
		return $binvalue;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int  $number
	 * @param int  $minbytes
	 * @param bool $synchsafe
	 * @param bool $signed
	 *
	 * @return string
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static function BigEndian2String($number, $minbytes=1, $synchsafe=false, $signed=false) {
		if ($number &lt; 0) {
			throw new Exception(&#039;ERROR: self::BigEndian2String() does not support negative numbers&#039;);
		}
		$maskbyte = (($synchsafe || $signed) ? 0x7F : 0xFF);
		$intstring = &#039;&#039;;
		if ($signed) {
			if ($minbytes &gt; PHP_INT_SIZE) {
				throw new Exception(&#039;ERROR: Cannot have signed integers larger than &#039;.(8 * PHP_INT_SIZE).&#039;-bits in self::BigEndian2String()&#039;);
			}
			$number = $number &amp; (0x80 &lt;&lt; (8 * ($minbytes - 1)));
		}
		while ($number != 0) {
			$quotient = ($number / ($maskbyte + 1));
			$intstring = chr(ceil(($quotient - floor($quotient)) * $maskbyte)).$intstring;
			$number = floor($quotient);
		}
		return str_pad($intstring, $minbytes, &quot;\x00&quot;, STR_PAD_LEFT);
	}

	/**
	 * @param int|string $number
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function Dec2Bin($number) {
		if (!is_numeric($number)) {
			// https://github.com/JamesHeinrich/getID3/issues/299
			trigger_error(&#039;TypeError: Dec2Bin(): Argument #1 ($number) must be numeric, &#039;.gettype($number).&#039; given&#039;, E_USER_WARNING);
			return &#039;&#039;;
		}
		$bytes = array();
		while ($number &gt;= 256) {
			$bytes[] = (int) (($number / 256) - (floor($number / 256))) * 256;
			$number = floor($number / 256);
		}
		$bytes[] = (int) $number;
		$binstring = &#039;&#039;;
		foreach ($bytes as $i =&gt; $byte) {
			$binstring = (($i == count($bytes) - 1) ? decbin($byte) : str_pad(decbin($byte), 8, &#039;0&#039;, STR_PAD_LEFT)).$binstring;
		}
		return $binstring;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $binstring
	 * @param bool   $signed
	 *
	 * @return int|float
	 */
	public static function Bin2Dec($binstring, $signed=false) {
		$signmult = 1;
		if ($signed) {
			if ($binstring[0] == &#039;1&#039;) {
				$signmult = -1;
			}
			$binstring = substr($binstring, 1);
		}
		$decvalue = 0;
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($binstring); $i++) {
			$decvalue += ((int) substr($binstring, strlen($binstring) - $i - 1, 1)) * pow(2, $i);
		}
		return self::CastAsInt($decvalue * $signmult);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $binstring
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function Bin2String($binstring) {
		// return &#039;hi&#039; for input of &#039;0110100001101001&#039;
		$string = &#039;&#039;;
		$binstringreversed = strrev($binstring);
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($binstringreversed); $i += 8) {
			$string = chr(self::Bin2Dec(strrev(substr($binstringreversed, $i, 8)))).$string;
		}
		return $string;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int  $number
	 * @param int  $minbytes
	 * @param bool $synchsafe
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function LittleEndian2String($number, $minbytes=1, $synchsafe=false) {
		$intstring = &#039;&#039;;
		while ($number &gt; 0) {
			if ($synchsafe) {
				$intstring = $intstring.chr($number &amp; 127);
				$number &gt;&gt;= 7;
			} else {
				$intstring = $intstring.chr($number &amp; 255);
				$number &gt;&gt;= 8;
			}
		}
		return str_pad($intstring, $minbytes, &quot;\x00&quot;, STR_PAD_RIGHT);
	}

	/**
	 * @param mixed $array1
	 * @param mixed $array2
	 *
	 * @return array|false
	 */
	public static function array_merge_clobber($array1, $array2) {
		// written by kcØhireability*com
		// taken from http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.array-merge-recursive.php
		if (!is_array($array1) || !is_array($array2)) {
			return false;
		}
		$newarray = $array1;
		foreach ($array2 as $key =&gt; $val) {
			if (is_array($val) &amp;&amp; isset($newarray[$key]) &amp;&amp; is_array($newarray[$key])) {
				$newarray[$key] = self::array_merge_clobber($newarray[$key], $val);
			} else {
				$newarray[$key] = $val;
			}
		}
		return $newarray;
	}

	/**
	 * @param mixed $array1
	 * @param mixed $array2
	 *
	 * @return array|false
	 */
	public static function array_merge_noclobber($array1, $array2) {
		if (!is_array($array1) || !is_array($array2)) {
			return false;
		}
		$newarray = $array1;
		foreach ($array2 as $key =&gt; $val) {
			if (is_array($val) &amp;&amp; isset($newarray[$key]) &amp;&amp; is_array($newarray[$key])) {
				$newarray[$key] = self::array_merge_noclobber($newarray[$key], $val);
			} elseif (!isset($newarray[$key])) {
				$newarray[$key] = $val;
			}
		}
		return $newarray;
	}

	/**
	 * @param mixed $array1
	 * @param mixed $array2
	 *
	 * @return array|false|null
	 */
	public static function flipped_array_merge_noclobber($array1, $array2) {
		if (!is_array($array1) || !is_array($array2)) {
			return false;
		}
		# naturally, this only works non-recursively
		$newarray = array_flip($array1);
		foreach (array_flip($array2) as $key =&gt; $val) {
			if (!isset($newarray[$key])) {
				$newarray[$key] = count($newarray);
			}
		}
		return array_flip($newarray);
	}

	/**
	 * @param array $theArray
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public static function ksort_recursive(&amp;$theArray) {
		ksort($theArray);
		foreach ($theArray as $key =&gt; $value) {
			if (is_array($value)) {
				self::ksort_recursive($theArray[$key]);
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $filename
	 * @param int    $numextensions
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function fileextension($filename, $numextensions=1) {
		if (strstr($filename, &#039;.&#039;)) {
			$reversedfilename = strrev($filename);
			$offset = 0;
			for ($i = 0; $i &lt; $numextensions; $i++) {
				$offset = strpos($reversedfilename, &#039;.&#039;, $offset + 1);
				if ($offset === false) {
					return &#039;&#039;;
				}
			}
			return strrev(substr($reversedfilename, 0, $offset));
		}
		return &#039;&#039;;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $seconds
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function PlaytimeString($seconds) {
		$sign = (($seconds &lt; 0) ? &#039;-&#039; : &#039;&#039;);
		$seconds = round(abs($seconds));
		$H = (int) floor( $seconds                            / 3600);
		$M = (int) floor(($seconds - (3600 * $H)            ) /   60);
		$S = (int) round( $seconds - (3600 * $H) - (60 * $M)        );
		return $sign.($H ? $H.&#039;:&#039; : &#039;&#039;).($H ? str_pad($M, 2, &#039;0&#039;, STR_PAD_LEFT) : intval($M)).&#039;:&#039;.str_pad($S, 2, 0, STR_PAD_LEFT);
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $macdate
	 *
	 * @return int|float
	 */
	public static function DateMac2Unix($macdate) {
		// Macintosh timestamp: seconds since 00:00h January 1, 1904
		// UNIX timestamp:      seconds since 00:00h January 1, 1970
		return self::CastAsInt($macdate - 2082844800);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $rawdata
	 *
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function FixedPoint8_8($rawdata) {
		return self::BigEndian2Int(substr($rawdata, 0, 1)) + (float) (self::BigEndian2Int(substr($rawdata, 1, 1)) / pow(2, 8));
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $rawdata
	 *
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function FixedPoint16_16($rawdata) {
		return self::BigEndian2Int(substr($rawdata, 0, 2)) + (float) (self::BigEndian2Int(substr($rawdata, 2, 2)) / pow(2, 16));
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $rawdata
	 *
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function FixedPoint2_30($rawdata) {
		$binarystring = self::BigEndian2Bin($rawdata);
		return self::Bin2Dec(substr($binarystring, 0, 2)) + (float) (self::Bin2Dec(substr($binarystring, 2, 30)) / pow(2, 30));
	}


	/**
	 * @param string $ArrayPath
	 * @param string $Separator
	 * @param mixed $Value
	 *
	 * @return array
	 */
	public static function CreateDeepArray($ArrayPath, $Separator, $Value) {
		// assigns $Value to a nested array path:
		//   $foo = self::CreateDeepArray(&#039;/path/to/my&#039;, &#039;/&#039;, &#039;file.txt&#039;)
		// is the same as:
		//   $foo = array(&#039;path&#039;=&gt;array(&#039;to&#039;=&gt;&#039;array(&#039;my&#039;=&gt;array(&#039;file.txt&#039;))));
		// or
		//   $foo[&#039;path&#039;][&#039;to&#039;][&#039;my&#039;] = &#039;file.txt&#039;;
		$ArrayPath = ltrim($ArrayPath, $Separator);
		$ReturnedArray = array();
		if (($pos = strpos($ArrayPath, $Separator)) !== false) {
			$ReturnedArray[substr($ArrayPath, 0, $pos)] = self::CreateDeepArray(substr($ArrayPath, $pos + 1), $Separator, $Value);
		} else {
			$ReturnedArray[$ArrayPath] = $Value;
		}
		return $ReturnedArray;
	}

	/**
	 * @param array $arraydata
	 * @param bool  $returnkey
	 *
	 * @return int|false
	 */
	public static function array_max($arraydata, $returnkey=false) {
		$maxvalue = false;
		$maxkey   = false;
		foreach ($arraydata as $key =&gt; $value) {
			if (!is_array($value)) {
				if (($maxvalue === false) || ($value &gt; $maxvalue)) {
					$maxvalue = $value;
					$maxkey = $key;
				}
			}
		}
		return ($returnkey ? $maxkey : $maxvalue);
	}

	/**
	 * @param array $arraydata
	 * @param bool  $returnkey
	 *
	 * @return int|false
	 */
	public static function array_min($arraydata, $returnkey=false) {
		$minvalue = false;
		$minkey   = false;
		foreach ($arraydata as $key =&gt; $value) {
			if (!is_array($value)) {
				if (($minvalue === false) || ($value &lt; $minvalue)) {
					$minvalue = $value;
					$minkey = $key;
				}
			}
		}
		return ($returnkey ? $minkey : $minvalue);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $XMLstring
	 *
	 * @return array|false
	 */
	public static function XML2array($XMLstring) {
		if (function_exists(&#039;simplexml_load_string&#039;)) {
			if (PHP_VERSION_ID &lt; 80000) {
				if (function_exists(&#039;libxml_disable_entity_loader&#039;)) {
					// http://websec.io/2012/08/27/Preventing-XEE-in-PHP.html
					// https://core.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/29378
					// This function has been deprecated in PHP 8.0 because in libxml 2.9.0, external entity loading is
					// disabled by default, but is still needed when LIBXML_NOENT is used.
					$loader = @libxml_disable_entity_loader(true);
					$XMLobject = simplexml_load_string($XMLstring, &#039;SimpleXMLElement&#039;, GETID3_LIBXML_OPTIONS);
					$return = self::SimpleXMLelement2array($XMLobject);
					@libxml_disable_entity_loader($loader);
					return $return;
				}
			} else {
				$allow = false;
				if (defined(&#039;LIBXML_VERSION&#039;) &amp;&amp; (LIBXML_VERSION &gt;= 20900)) {
					// https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.libxml-disable-entity-loader.php
					// &quot;as of libxml 2.9.0 entity substitution is disabled by default, so there is no need to disable the loading
					//  of external entities, unless there is the need to resolve internal entity references with LIBXML_NOENT.&quot;
					$allow = true;
				} elseif (function_exists(&#039;libxml_set_external_entity_loader&#039;)) {
					libxml_set_external_entity_loader(function () { return null; }); // https://www.zend.com/blog/cve-2023-3823
					$allow = true;
				}
				if ($allow) {
					$XMLobject = simplexml_load_string($XMLstring, &#039;SimpleXMLElement&#039;, GETID3_LIBXML_OPTIONS);
					$return = self::SimpleXMLelement2array($XMLobject);
					return $return;
				}
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	* @param SimpleXMLElement|array|mixed $XMLobject
	*
	* @return mixed
	*/
	public static function SimpleXMLelement2array($XMLobject) {
		if (!is_object($XMLobject) &amp;&amp; !is_array($XMLobject)) {
			return $XMLobject;
		}
		$XMLarray = $XMLobject instanceof SimpleXMLElement ? get_object_vars($XMLobject) : $XMLobject;
		foreach ($XMLarray as $key =&gt; $value) {
			$XMLarray[$key] = self::SimpleXMLelement2array($value);
		}
		return $XMLarray;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns checksum for a file from starting position to absolute end position.
	 *
	 * @param string $file
	 * @param int    $offset
	 * @param int    $end
	 * @param string $algorithm
	 *
	 * @return string|false
	 * @throws getid3_exception
	 */
	public static function hash_data($file, $offset, $end, $algorithm) {
		if (!self::intValueSupported($end)) {
			return false;
		}
		if (!in_array($algorithm, array(&#039;md5&#039;, &#039;sha1&#039;))) {
			throw new getid3_exception(&#039;Invalid algorithm (&#039;.$algorithm.&#039;) in self::hash_data()&#039;);
		}

		$size = $end - $offset;

		$fp = fopen($file, &#039;rb&#039;);
		fseek($fp, $offset);
		$ctx = hash_init($algorithm);
		while ($size &gt; 0) {
			$buffer = fread($fp, min($size, getID3::FREAD_BUFFER_SIZE));
			hash_update($ctx, $buffer);
			$size -= getID3::FREAD_BUFFER_SIZE;
		}
		$hash = hash_final($ctx);
		fclose($fp);

		return $hash;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $filename_source
	 * @param string $filename_dest
	 * @param int    $offset
	 * @param int    $length
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 * @throws Exception
	 *
	 * @deprecated Unused, may be removed in future versions of getID3
	 */
	public static function CopyFileParts($filename_source, $filename_dest, $offset, $length) {
		if (!self::intValueSupported($offset + $length)) {
			throw new Exception(&#039;cannot copy file portion, it extends beyond the &#039;.round(PHP_INT_MAX / 1073741824).&#039;GB limit&#039;);
		}
		if (is_readable($filename_source) &amp;&amp; is_file($filename_source) &amp;&amp; ($fp_src = fopen($filename_source, &#039;rb&#039;))) {
			if (($fp_dest = fopen($filename_dest, &#039;wb&#039;))) {
				if (fseek($fp_src, $offset) == 0) {
					$byteslefttowrite = $length;
					while (($byteslefttowrite &gt; 0) &amp;&amp; ($buffer = fread($fp_src, min($byteslefttowrite, getID3::FREAD_BUFFER_SIZE)))) {
						$byteswritten = fwrite($fp_dest, $buffer, $byteslefttowrite);
						$byteslefttowrite -= $byteswritten;
					}
					fclose($fp_dest);
					return true;
				} else {
					fclose($fp_src);
					throw new Exception(&#039;failed to seek to offset &#039;.$offset.&#039; in &#039;.$filename_source);
				}
			} else {
				throw new Exception(&#039;failed to create file for writing &#039;.$filename_dest);
			}
		} else {
			throw new Exception(&#039;failed to open file for reading &#039;.$filename_source);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $charval
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_int_utf8($charval) {
		if ($charval &lt; 128) {
			// 0bbbbbbb
			$newcharstring = chr($charval);
		} elseif ($charval &lt; 2048) {
			// 110bbbbb 10bbbbbb
			$newcharstring  = chr(($charval &gt;&gt;   6) | 0xC0);
			$newcharstring .= chr(($charval &amp; 0x3F) | 0x80);
		} elseif ($charval &lt; 65536) {
			// 1110bbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb
			$newcharstring  = chr(($charval &gt;&gt;  12) | 0xE0);
			$newcharstring .= chr(($charval &gt;&gt;   6) | 0xC0);
			$newcharstring .= chr(($charval &amp; 0x3F) | 0x80);
		} else {
			// 11110bbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb
			$newcharstring  = chr(($charval &gt;&gt;  18) | 0xF0);
			$newcharstring .= chr(($charval &gt;&gt;  12) | 0xC0);
			$newcharstring .= chr(($charval &gt;&gt;   6) | 0xC0);
			$newcharstring .= chr(($charval &amp; 0x3F) | 0x80);
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * ISO-8859-1 =&gt; UTF-8
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 * @param bool   $bom
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf8($string, $bom=false) {
		$newcharstring = &#039;&#039;;
		if ($bom) {
			$newcharstring .= &quot;\xEF\xBB\xBF&quot;;
		}
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i++) {
			$charval = ord($string[$i]);
			$newcharstring .= self::iconv_fallback_int_utf8($charval);
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * ISO-8859-1 =&gt; UTF-16BE
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 * @param bool   $bom
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf16be($string, $bom=false) {
		$newcharstring = &#039;&#039;;
		if ($bom) {
			$newcharstring .= &quot;\xFE\xFF&quot;;
		}
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i++) {
			$newcharstring .= &quot;\x00&quot;.$string[$i];
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * ISO-8859-1 =&gt; UTF-16LE
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 * @param bool   $bom
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf16le($string, $bom=false) {
		$newcharstring = &#039;&#039;;
		if ($bom) {
			$newcharstring .= &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;;
		}
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i++) {
			$newcharstring .= $string[$i].&quot;\x00&quot;;
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * ISO-8859-1 =&gt; UTF-16LE (BOM)
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf16($string) {
		return self::iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf16le($string, true);
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-8 =&gt; ISO-8859-1
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf8_iso88591($string) {
		$newcharstring = &#039;&#039;;
		$offset = 0;
		$stringlength = strlen($string);
		while ($offset &lt; $stringlength) {
			if ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x07) == 0xF7) {
				// 11110bbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x07) &lt;&lt; 18) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt; 12) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 2)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 3)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 4;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x0F) == 0xEF) {
				// 1110bbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x0F) &lt;&lt; 12) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 2)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 3;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x1F) == 0xDF) {
				// 110bbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x1F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 2;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x7F) == 0x7F) {
				// 0bbbbbbb
				$charval = ord($string[$offset]);
				$offset += 1;
			} else {
				// error? throw some kind of warning here?
				$charval = false;
				$offset += 1;
			}
			if ($charval !== false) {
				$newcharstring .= (($charval &lt; 256) ? chr($charval) : &#039;?&#039;);
			}
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-8 =&gt; UTF-16BE
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 * @param bool   $bom
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf8_utf16be($string, $bom=false) {
		$newcharstring = &#039;&#039;;
		if ($bom) {
			$newcharstring .= &quot;\xFE\xFF&quot;;
		}
		$offset = 0;
		$stringlength = strlen($string);
		while ($offset &lt; $stringlength) {
			if ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x07) == 0xF7) {
				// 11110bbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x07) &lt;&lt; 18) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt; 12) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 2)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 3)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 4;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x0F) == 0xEF) {
				// 1110bbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x0F) &lt;&lt; 12) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 2)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 3;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x1F) == 0xDF) {
				// 110bbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x1F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 2;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x7F) == 0x7F) {
				// 0bbbbbbb
				$charval = ord($string[$offset]);
				$offset += 1;
			} else {
				// error? throw some kind of warning here?
				$charval = false;
				$offset += 1;
			}
			if ($charval !== false) {
				$newcharstring .= (($charval &lt; 65536) ? self::BigEndian2String($charval, 2) : &quot;\x00&quot;.&#039;?&#039;);
			}
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-8 =&gt; UTF-16LE
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 * @param bool   $bom
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf8_utf16le($string, $bom=false) {
		$newcharstring = &#039;&#039;;
		if ($bom) {
			$newcharstring .= &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;;
		}
		$offset = 0;
		$stringlength = strlen($string);
		while ($offset &lt; $stringlength) {
			if ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x07) == 0xF7) {
				// 11110bbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x07) &lt;&lt; 18) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt; 12) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 2)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 3)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 4;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x0F) == 0xEF) {
				// 1110bbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x0F) &lt;&lt; 12) &amp;
						   ((ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 2)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 3;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x1F) == 0xDF) {
				// 110bbbbb 10bbbbbb
				$charval = ((ord($string[($offset + 0)]) &amp; 0x1F) &lt;&lt;  6) &amp;
							(ord($string[($offset + 1)]) &amp; 0x3F);
				$offset += 2;
			} elseif ((ord($string[$offset]) | 0x7F) == 0x7F) {
				// 0bbbbbbb
				$charval = ord($string[$offset]);
				$offset += 1;
			} else {
				// error? maybe throw some warning here?
				$charval = false;
				$offset += 1;
			}
			if ($charval !== false) {
				$newcharstring .= (($charval &lt; 65536) ? self::LittleEndian2String($charval, 2) : &#039;?&#039;.&quot;\x00&quot;);
			}
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-8 =&gt; UTF-16LE (BOM)
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf8_utf16($string) {
		return self::iconv_fallback_utf8_utf16le($string, true);
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-16BE =&gt; UTF-8
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf16be_utf8($string) {
		if (substr($string, 0, 2) == &quot;\xFE\xFF&quot;) {
			// strip BOM
			$string = substr($string, 2);
		}
		$newcharstring = &#039;&#039;;
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i += 2) {
			$charval = self::BigEndian2Int(substr($string, $i, 2));
			$newcharstring .= self::iconv_fallback_int_utf8($charval);
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-16LE =&gt; UTF-8
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf16le_utf8($string) {
		if (substr($string, 0, 2) == &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;) {
			// strip BOM
			$string = substr($string, 2);
		}
		$newcharstring = &#039;&#039;;
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i += 2) {
			$charval = self::LittleEndian2Int(substr($string, $i, 2));
			$newcharstring .= self::iconv_fallback_int_utf8($charval);
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-16BE =&gt; ISO-8859-1
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf16be_iso88591($string) {
		if (substr($string, 0, 2) == &quot;\xFE\xFF&quot;) {
			// strip BOM
			$string = substr($string, 2);
		}
		$newcharstring = &#039;&#039;;
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i += 2) {
			$charval = self::BigEndian2Int(substr($string, $i, 2));
			$newcharstring .= (($charval &lt; 256) ? chr($charval) : &#039;?&#039;);
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-16LE =&gt; ISO-8859-1
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf16le_iso88591($string) {
		if (substr($string, 0, 2) == &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;) {
			// strip BOM
			$string = substr($string, 2);
		}
		$newcharstring = &#039;&#039;;
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i += 2) {
			$charval = self::LittleEndian2Int(substr($string, $i, 2));
			$newcharstring .= (($charval &lt; 256) ? chr($charval) : &#039;?&#039;);
		}
		return $newcharstring;
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-16 (BOM) =&gt; ISO-8859-1
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf16_iso88591($string) {
		$bom = substr($string, 0, 2);
		if ($bom == &quot;\xFE\xFF&quot;) {
			return self::iconv_fallback_utf16be_iso88591(substr($string, 2));
		} elseif ($bom == &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;) {
			return self::iconv_fallback_utf16le_iso88591(substr($string, 2));
		}
		return $string;
	}

	/**
	 * UTF-16 (BOM) =&gt; UTF-8
	 *
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback_utf16_utf8($string) {
		$bom = substr($string, 0, 2);
		if ($bom == &quot;\xFE\xFF&quot;) {
			return self::iconv_fallback_utf16be_utf8(substr($string, 2));
		} elseif ($bom == &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;) {
			return self::iconv_fallback_utf16le_utf8(substr($string, 2));
		}
		return $string;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $in_charset
	 * @param string $out_charset
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static function iconv_fallback($in_charset, $out_charset, $string) {

		if ($in_charset == $out_charset) {
			return $string;
		}

		// mb_convert_encoding() available
		if (function_exists(&#039;mb_convert_encoding&#039;)) {
			if ((strtoupper($in_charset) == &#039;UTF-16&#039;) &amp;&amp; (substr($string, 0, 2) != &quot;\xFE\xFF&quot;) &amp;&amp; (substr($string, 0, 2) != &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;)) {
				// if BOM missing, mb_convert_encoding will mishandle the conversion, assume UTF-16BE and prepend appropriate BOM
				$string = &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;.$string;
			}
			if ((strtoupper($in_charset) == &#039;UTF-16&#039;) &amp;&amp; (strtoupper($out_charset) == &#039;UTF-8&#039;)) {
				if (($string == &quot;\xFF\xFE&quot;) || ($string == &quot;\xFE\xFF&quot;)) {
					// if string consists of only BOM, mb_convert_encoding will return the BOM unmodified
					return &#039;&#039;;
				}
			}
			if ($converted_string = @mb_convert_encoding($string, $out_charset, $in_charset)) {
				switch ($out_charset) {
					case &#039;ISO-8859-1&#039;:
						$converted_string = rtrim($converted_string, &quot;\x00&quot;);
						break;
				}
				return $converted_string;
			}
			return $string;

		// iconv() available
		} elseif (function_exists(&#039;iconv&#039;)) {
			if ($converted_string = @iconv($in_charset, $out_charset.&#039;//TRANSLIT&#039;, $string)) {
				switch ($out_charset) {
					case &#039;ISO-8859-1&#039;:
						$converted_string = rtrim($converted_string, &quot;\x00&quot;);
						break;
				}
				return $converted_string;
			}

			// iconv() may sometimes fail with &quot;illegal character in input string&quot; error message
			// and return an empty string, but returning the unconverted string is more useful
			return $string;
		}


		// neither mb_convert_encoding or iconv() is available
		static $ConversionFunctionList = array();
		if (empty($ConversionFunctionList)) {
			$ConversionFunctionList[&#039;ISO-8859-1&#039;][&#039;UTF-8&#039;]    = &#039;iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf8&#039;;
			$ConversionFunctionList[&#039;ISO-8859-1&#039;][&#039;UTF-16&#039;]   = &#039;iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf16&#039;;
			$ConversionFunctionList[&#039;ISO-8859-1&#039;][&#039;UTF-16BE&#039;] = &#039;iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf16be&#039;;
			$ConversionFunctionList[&#039;ISO-8859-1&#039;][&#039;UTF-16LE&#039;] = &#039;iconv_fallback_iso88591_utf16le&#039;;
			$ConversionFunctionList[&#039;UTF-8&#039;][&#039;ISO-8859-1&#039;]    = &#039;iconv_fallback_utf8_iso88591&#039;;
			$ConversionFunctionList[&#039;UTF-8&#039;][&#039;UTF-16&#039;]        = &#039;iconv_fallback_utf8_utf16&#039;;
			$ConversionFunctionList[&#039;UTF-8&#039;][&#039;UTF-16BE&#039;]      = &#039;iconv_fallback_utf8_utf16be&#039;;
			$ConversionFunctionList[&#039;UTF-8&#039;][&#039;UTF-16LE&#039;]      = &#039;iconv_fallback_utf8_utf16le&#039;;
			$ConversionFunctionList[&#039;UTF-16&#039;][&#039;ISO-8859-1&#039;]   = &#039;iconv_fallback_utf16_iso88591&#039;;
			$ConversionFunctionList[&#039;UTF-16&#039;][&#039;UTF-8&#039;]        = &#039;iconv_fallback_utf16_utf8&#039;;
			$ConversionFunctionList[&#039;UTF-16LE&#039;][&#039;ISO-8859-1&#039;] = &#039;iconv_fallback_utf16le_iso88591&#039;;
			$ConversionFunctionList[&#039;UTF-16LE&#039;][&#039;UTF-8&#039;]      = &#039;iconv_fallback_utf16le_utf8&#039;;
			$ConversionFunctionList[&#039;UTF-16BE&#039;][&#039;ISO-8859-1&#039;] = &#039;iconv_fallback_utf16be_iso88591&#039;;
			$ConversionFunctionList[&#039;UTF-16BE&#039;][&#039;UTF-8&#039;]      = &#039;iconv_fallback_utf16be_utf8&#039;;
		}
		if (isset($ConversionFunctionList[strtoupper($in_charset)][strtoupper($out_charset)])) {
			$ConversionFunction = $ConversionFunctionList[strtoupper($in_charset)][strtoupper($out_charset)];
			return self::$ConversionFunction($string);
		}
		throw new Exception(&#039;PHP does not has mb_convert_encoding() or iconv() support - cannot convert from &#039;.$in_charset.&#039; to &#039;.$out_charset);
	}

	/**
	 * @param mixed  $data
	 * @param string $charset
	 *
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public static function recursiveMultiByteCharString2HTML($data, $charset=&#039;ISO-8859-1&#039;) {
		if (is_string($data)) {
			return self::MultiByteCharString2HTML($data, $charset);
		} elseif (is_array($data)) {
			$return_data = array();
			foreach ($data as $key =&gt; $value) {
				$return_data[$key] = self::recursiveMultiByteCharString2HTML($value, $charset);
			}
			return $return_data;
		}
		// integer, float, objects, resources, etc
		return $data;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string|int|float $string
	 * @param string           $charset
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function MultiByteCharString2HTML($string, $charset=&#039;ISO-8859-1&#039;) {
		$string = (string) $string; // in case trying to pass a numeric (float, int) string, would otherwise return an empty string
		$HTMLstring = &#039;&#039;;

		switch (strtolower($charset)) {
			case &#039;1251&#039;:
			case &#039;1252&#039;:
			case &#039;866&#039;:
			case &#039;932&#039;:
			case &#039;936&#039;:
			case &#039;950&#039;:
			case &#039;big5&#039;:
			case &#039;big5-hkscs&#039;:
			case &#039;cp1251&#039;:
			case &#039;cp1252&#039;:
			case &#039;cp866&#039;:
			case &#039;euc-jp&#039;:
			case &#039;eucjp&#039;:
			case &#039;gb2312&#039;:
			case &#039;ibm866&#039;:
			case &#039;iso-8859-1&#039;:
			case &#039;iso-8859-15&#039;:
			case &#039;iso8859-1&#039;:
			case &#039;iso8859-15&#039;:
			case &#039;koi8-r&#039;:
			case &#039;koi8-ru&#039;:
			case &#039;koi8r&#039;:
			case &#039;shift_jis&#039;:
			case &#039;sjis&#039;:
			case &#039;win-1251&#039;:
			case &#039;windows-1251&#039;:
			case &#039;windows-1252&#039;:
				$HTMLstring = htmlentities($string, ENT_COMPAT, $charset);
				break;

			case &#039;utf-8&#039;:
				$strlen = strlen($string);
				for ($i = 0; $i &lt; $strlen; $i++) {
					$char_ord_val = ord($string[$i]);
					$charval = 0;
					if ($char_ord_val &lt; 0x80) {
						$charval = $char_ord_val;
					} elseif ((($char_ord_val &amp; 0xF0) &gt;&gt; 4) == 0x0F  &amp;&amp;  $i+3 &lt; $strlen) {
						$charval  = (($char_ord_val &amp; 0x07) &lt;&lt; 18);
						$charval += ((ord($string[++$i]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt; 12);
						$charval += ((ord($string[++$i]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt; 6);
						$charval +=  (ord($string[++$i]) &amp; 0x3F);
					} elseif ((($char_ord_val &amp; 0xE0) &gt;&gt; 5) == 0x07  &amp;&amp;  $i+2 &lt; $strlen) {
						$charval  = (($char_ord_val &amp; 0x0F) &lt;&lt; 12);
						$charval += ((ord($string[++$i]) &amp; 0x3F) &lt;&lt; 6);
						$charval +=  (ord($string[++$i]) &amp; 0x3F);
					} elseif ((($char_ord_val &amp; 0xC0) &gt;&gt; 6) == 0x03  &amp;&amp;  $i+1 &lt; $strlen) {
						$charval  = (($char_ord_val &amp; 0x1F) &lt;&lt; 6);
						$charval += (ord($string[++$i]) &amp; 0x3F);
					}
					if (($charval &gt;= 32) &amp;&amp; ($charval &lt;= 127)) {
						$HTMLstring .= htmlentities(chr($charval));
					} else {
						$HTMLstring .= &#039;&amp;#&#039;.$charval.&#039;;&#039;;
					}
				}
				break;

			case &#039;utf-16le&#039;:
				for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i += 2) {
					$charval = self::LittleEndian2Int(substr($string, $i, 2));
					if (($charval &gt;= 32) &amp;&amp; ($charval &lt;= 127)) {
						$HTMLstring .= chr($charval);
					} else {
						$HTMLstring .= &#039;&amp;#&#039;.$charval.&#039;;&#039;;
					}
				}
				break;

			case &#039;utf-16be&#039;:
				for ($i = 0; $i &lt; strlen($string); $i += 2) {
					$charval = self::BigEndian2Int(substr($string, $i, 2));
					if (($charval &gt;= 32) &amp;&amp; ($charval &lt;= 127)) {
						$HTMLstring .= chr($charval);
					} else {
						$HTMLstring .= &#039;&amp;#&#039;.$charval.&#039;;&#039;;
					}
				}
				break;

			default:
				$HTMLstring = &#039;ERROR: Character set &quot;&#039;.$charset.&#039;&quot; not supported in MultiByteCharString2HTML()&#039;;
				break;
		}
		return $HTMLstring;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $namecode
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function RGADnameLookup($namecode) {
		static $RGADname = array();
		if (empty($RGADname)) {
			$RGADname[0] = &#039;not set&#039;;
			$RGADname[1] = &#039;Track Gain Adjustment&#039;;
			$RGADname[2] = &#039;Album Gain Adjustment&#039;;
		}

		return (isset($RGADname[$namecode]) ? $RGADname[$namecode] : &#039;&#039;);
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $originatorcode
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function RGADoriginatorLookup($originatorcode) {
		static $RGADoriginator = array();
		if (empty($RGADoriginator)) {
			$RGADoriginator[0] = &#039;unspecified&#039;;
			$RGADoriginator[1] = &#039;pre-set by artist/producer/mastering engineer&#039;;
			$RGADoriginator[2] = &#039;set by user&#039;;
			$RGADoriginator[3] = &#039;determined automatically&#039;;
		}

		return (isset($RGADoriginator[$originatorcode]) ? $RGADoriginator[$originatorcode] : &#039;&#039;);
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $rawadjustment
	 * @param int $signbit
	 *
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function RGADadjustmentLookup($rawadjustment, $signbit) {
		$adjustment = (float) $rawadjustment / 10;
		if ($signbit == 1) {
			$adjustment *= -1;
		}
		return $adjustment;
	}

	/**
	 * @param int $namecode
	 * @param int $originatorcode
	 * @param int $replaygain
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function RGADgainString($namecode, $originatorcode, $replaygain) {
		if ($replaygain &lt; 0) {
			$signbit = &#039;1&#039;;
		} else {
			$signbit = &#039;0&#039;;
		}
		$storedreplaygain = intval(round($replaygain * 10));
		$gainstring  = str_pad(decbin($namecode), 3, &#039;0&#039;, STR_PAD_LEFT);
		$gainstring .= str_pad(decbin($originatorcode), 3, &#039;0&#039;, STR_PAD_LEFT);
		$gainstring .= $signbit;
		$gainstring .= str_pad(decbin($storedreplaygain), 9, &#039;0&#039;, STR_PAD_LEFT);

		return $gainstring;
	}

	/**
	 * @param float $amplitude
	 *
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function RGADamplitude2dB($amplitude) {
		return 20 * log10($amplitude);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $imgData
	 * @param array  $imageinfo
	 *
	 * @return array|false
	 */
	public static function GetDataImageSize($imgData, &amp;$imageinfo=array()) {
		if (PHP_VERSION_ID &gt;= 50400) {
			$GetDataImageSize = @getimagesizefromstring($imgData, $imageinfo);
			if ($GetDataImageSize === false) {
				return false;
			}
			$GetDataImageSize[&#039;height&#039;] = $GetDataImageSize[0];
			$GetDataImageSize[&#039;width&#039;] = $GetDataImageSize[1];
			return $GetDataImageSize;
		}
		static $tempdir = &#039;&#039;;
		if (empty($tempdir)) {
			if (function_exists(&#039;sys_get_temp_dir&#039;)) {
				$tempdir = sys_get_temp_dir(); // https://github.com/JamesHeinrich/getID3/issues/52
			}

			// yes this is ugly, feel free to suggest a better way
			if (include_once(dirname(__FILE__).&#039;/getid3.php&#039;)) {
				$getid3_temp = new getID3();
				if ($getid3_temp_tempdir = $getid3_temp-&gt;tempdir) {
					$tempdir = $getid3_temp_tempdir;
				}
				unset($getid3_temp, $getid3_temp_tempdir);
			}
		}
		$GetDataImageSize = false;
		if ($tempfilename = tempnam($tempdir, &#039;gI3&#039;)) {
			if (is_writable($tempfilename) &amp;&amp; is_file($tempfilename) &amp;&amp; ($tmp = fopen($tempfilename, &#039;wb&#039;))) {
				fwrite($tmp, $imgData);
				fclose($tmp);
				$GetDataImageSize = @getimagesize($tempfilename, $imageinfo);
				if ($GetDataImageSize === false) {
					return false;
				}
				$GetDataImageSize[&#039;height&#039;] = $GetDataImageSize[0];
				$GetDataImageSize[&#039;width&#039;]  = $GetDataImageSize[1];
			}
			unlink($tempfilename);
		}
		return $GetDataImageSize;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $mime_type
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function ImageExtFromMime($mime_type) {
		// temporary way, works OK for now, but should be reworked in the future
		return str_replace(array(&#039;image/&#039;, &#039;x-&#039;, &#039;jpeg&#039;), array(&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;, &#039;jpg&#039;), $mime_type);
	}

	/**
	 * @param array $ThisFileInfo
	 * @param bool  $option_tags_html default true (just as in the main getID3 class)
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public static function CopyTagsToComments(&amp;$ThisFileInfo, $option_tags_html=true) {
		// Copy all entries from [&#039;tags&#039;] into common [&#039;comments&#039;]
		if (!empty($ThisFileInfo[&#039;tags&#039;])) {

			// Some tag types can only support limited character sets and may contain data in non-standard encoding (usually ID3v1)
			// and/or poorly-transliterated tag values that are also in tag formats that do support full-range character sets
			// To make the output more user-friendly, process the potentially-problematic tag formats last to enhance the chance that
			// the first entries in [comments] are the most correct and the &quot;bad&quot; ones (if any) come later.
			// https://github.com/JamesHeinrich/getID3/issues/338
			$processLastTagTypes = array(&#039;id3v1&#039;,&#039;riff&#039;);
			foreach ($processLastTagTypes as $processLastTagType) {
				if (isset($ThisFileInfo[&#039;tags&#039;][$processLastTagType])) {
					// bubble ID3v1 to the end, if present to aid in detecting bad ID3v1 encodings
					$temp = $ThisFileInfo[&#039;tags&#039;][$processLastTagType];
					unset($ThisFileInfo[&#039;tags&#039;][$processLastTagType]);
					$ThisFileInfo[&#039;tags&#039;][$processLastTagType] = $temp;
					unset($temp);
				}
			}
			foreach ($ThisFileInfo[&#039;tags&#039;] as $tagtype =&gt; $tagarray) {
				foreach ($tagarray as $tagname =&gt; $tagdata) {
					foreach ($tagdata as $key =&gt; $value) {
						if (!empty($value)) {
							if (empty($ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;][$tagname])) {

								// fall through and append value

							} elseif ($tagtype == &#039;id3v1&#039;) {

								$newvaluelength = strlen(trim($value));
								foreach ($ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;][$tagname] as $existingkey =&gt; $existingvalue) {
									$oldvaluelength = strlen(trim($existingvalue));
									if (($newvaluelength &lt;= $oldvaluelength) &amp;&amp; (substr($existingvalue, 0, $newvaluelength) == trim($value))) {
										// new value is identical but shorter-than (or equal-length to) one already in comments - skip
										break 2;
									}

									if (function_exists(&#039;mb_convert_encoding&#039;)) {
										if (trim($value) == trim(substr(mb_convert_encoding($existingvalue, $ThisFileInfo[&#039;id3v1&#039;][&#039;encoding&#039;], $ThisFileInfo[&#039;encoding&#039;]), 0, 30))) {
											// value stored in ID3v1 appears to be probably the multibyte value transliterated (badly) into ISO-8859-1 in ID3v1.
											// As an example, Foobar2000 will do this if you tag a file with Chinese or Arabic or Cyrillic or something that doesn&#039;t fit into ISO-8859-1 the ID3v1 will consist of mostly &quot;?&quot; characters, one per multibyte unrepresentable character
											break 2;
										}
									}
								}

							} elseif (!is_array($value)) {

								$newvaluelength   =    strlen(trim($value));
								$newvaluelengthMB = mb_strlen(trim($value));
								foreach ($ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;][$tagname] as $existingkey =&gt; $existingvalue) {
									$oldvaluelength   =    strlen(trim($existingvalue));
									$oldvaluelengthMB = mb_strlen(trim($existingvalue));
									if (($newvaluelengthMB == $oldvaluelengthMB) &amp;&amp; ($existingvalue == getid3_lib::iconv_fallback(&#039;UTF-8&#039;, &#039;ASCII&#039;, $value))) {
										// https://github.com/JamesHeinrich/getID3/issues/338
										// check for tags containing extended characters that may have been forced into limited-character storage (e.g. UTF8 values into ASCII)
										// which will usually display unrepresentable characters as &quot;?&quot;
										$ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;][$tagname][$existingkey] = trim($value);
										break;
									}
									if ((strlen($existingvalue) &gt; 10) &amp;&amp; ($newvaluelength &gt; $oldvaluelength) &amp;&amp; (substr(trim($value), 0, strlen($existingvalue)) == $existingvalue)) {
										$ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;][$tagname][$existingkey] = trim($value);
										break;
									}
								}

							}
							if (is_array($value) || empty($ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;][$tagname]) || !in_array(trim($value), $ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;][$tagname])) {
								$value = (is_string($value) ? trim($value) : $value);
								if (!is_int($key) &amp;&amp; !ctype_digit($key)) {
									$ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;][$tagname][$key] = $value;
								} else {
									if (!isset($ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;][$tagname])) {
										$ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;][$tagname] = array($value);
									} else {
										$ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;][$tagname][] = $value;
									}
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}

			// attempt to standardize spelling of returned keys
			if (!empty($ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;])) {
				$StandardizeFieldNames = array(
					&#039;tracknumber&#039; =&gt; &#039;track_number&#039;,
					&#039;track&#039;       =&gt; &#039;track_number&#039;,
				);
				foreach ($StandardizeFieldNames as $badkey =&gt; $goodkey) {
					if (array_key_exists($badkey, $ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;]) &amp;&amp; !array_key_exists($goodkey, $ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;])) {
						$ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;][$goodkey] = $ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;][$badkey];
						unset($ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;][$badkey]);
					}
				}
			}

			if ($option_tags_html) {
				// Copy [&#039;comments&#039;] to [&#039;comments_html&#039;]
				if (!empty($ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;])) {
					foreach ($ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments&#039;] as $field =&gt; $values) {
						if ($field == &#039;picture&#039;) {
							// pictures can take up a lot of space, and we don&#039;t need multiple copies of them
							// let there be a single copy in [comments][picture], and not elsewhere
							continue;
						}
						foreach ($values as $index =&gt; $value) {
							if (is_array($value)) {
								$ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments_html&#039;][$field][$index] = $value;
							} else {
								$ThisFileInfo[&#039;comments_html&#039;][$field][$index] = str_replace(&#039;&amp;#0;&#039;, &#039;&#039;, self::MultiByteCharString2HTML($value, $ThisFileInfo[&#039;encoding&#039;]));
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}

		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $key
	 * @param int    $begin
	 * @param int    $end
	 * @param string $file
	 * @param string $name
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function EmbeddedLookup($key, $begin, $end, $file, $name) {

		// Cached
		static $cache;
		if (isset($cache[$file][$name])) {
			return (isset($cache[$file][$name][$key]) ? $cache[$file][$name][$key] : &#039;&#039;);
		}

		// Init
		$keylength  = strlen($key);
		$line_count = $end - $begin - 7;

		// Open php file
		$fp = fopen($file, &#039;r&#039;);

		// Discard $begin lines
		for ($i = 0; $i &lt; ($begin + 3); $i++) {
			fgets($fp, 1024);
		}

		// Loop thru line
		while (0 &lt; $line_count--) {

			// Read line
			$line = ltrim(fgets($fp, 1024), &quot;\t &quot;);

			// METHOD A: only cache the matching key - less memory but slower on next lookup of not-previously-looked-up key
			//$keycheck = substr($line, 0, $keylength);
			//if ($key == $keycheck)  {
			//	$cache[$file][$name][$keycheck] = substr($line, $keylength + 1);
			//	break;
			//}

			// METHOD B: cache all keys in this lookup - more memory but faster on next lookup of not-previously-looked-up key
			//$cache[$file][$name][substr($line, 0, $keylength)] = trim(substr($line, $keylength + 1));
			$explodedLine = explode(&quot;\t&quot;, $line, 2);
			$ThisKey   = $explodedLine[0];
			$ThisValue = (isset($explodedLine[1]) ? $explodedLine[1] : &#039;&#039;);
			$cache[$file][$name][$ThisKey] = trim($ThisValue);
		}

		// Close and return
		fclose($fp);
		return (isset($cache[$file][$name][$key]) ? $cache[$file][$name][$key] : &#039;&#039;);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $filename
	 * @param string $sourcefile
	 * @param bool   $DieOnFailure
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static function IncludeDependency($filename, $sourcefile, $DieOnFailure=false) {
		global $GETID3_ERRORARRAY;

		if (file_exists($filename)) {
			if (include_once($filename)) {
				return true;
			} else {
				$diemessage = basename($sourcefile).&#039; depends on &#039;.$filename.&#039;, which has errors&#039;;
			}
		} else {
			$diemessage = basename($sourcefile).&#039; depends on &#039;.$filename.&#039;, which is missing&#039;;
		}
		if ($DieOnFailure) {
			throw new Exception($diemessage);
		} else {
			$GETID3_ERRORARRAY[] = $diemessage;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $string
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function trimNullByte($string) {
		return trim($string, &quot;\x00&quot;);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $path
	 *
	 * @return float|bool
	 */
	public static function getFileSizeSyscall($path) {
		$commandline = null;
		$filesize = false;

		if (GETID3_OS_ISWINDOWS) {
			if (class_exists(&#039;COM&#039;)) { // From PHP 5.3.15 and 5.4.5, COM and DOTNET is no longer built into the php core.you have to add COM support in php.ini:
				$filesystem = new COM(&#039;Scripting.FileSystemObject&#039;);
				$file = $filesystem-&gt;GetFile($path);
				$filesize = $file-&gt;Size();
				unset($filesystem, $file);
			} else {
				$commandline = &#039;for %I in (&#039;.escapeshellarg($path).&#039;) do @echo %~zI&#039;;
			}
		} else {
			$commandline = &#039;ls -l &#039;.escapeshellarg($path).&#039; | awk \&#039;{print $5}\&#039;&#039;;
		}
		if (isset($commandline)) {
			$output = trim(shell_exec($commandline));
			if (ctype_digit($output)) {
				$filesize = (float) $output;
			}
		}
		return $filesize;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $filename
	 *
	 * @return string|false
	 */
	public static function truepath($filename) {
		// 2017-11-08: this could use some improvement, patches welcome
		if (preg_match(&#039;#^(\\\\\\\\|//)[a-z0-9]#i&#039;, $filename, $matches)) {
			// PHP&#039;s built-in realpath function does not work on UNC Windows shares
			$goodpath = array();
			foreach (explode(&#039;/&#039;, str_replace(&#039;\\&#039;, &#039;/&#039;, $filename)) as $part) {
				if ($part == &#039;.&#039;) {
					continue;
				}
				if ($part == &#039;..&#039;) {
					if (count($goodpath)) {
						array_pop($goodpath);
					} else {
						// cannot step above this level, already at top level
						return false;
					}
				} else {
					$goodpath[] = $part;
				}
			}
			return implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $goodpath);
		}
		return realpath($filename);
	}

	/**
	 * Workaround for Bug #37268 (https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=37268)
	 *
	 * @param string $path A path.
	 * @param string $suffix If the name component ends in suffix this will also be cut off.
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function mb_basename($path, $suffix = &#039;&#039;) {
		$splited = preg_split(&#039;#/#&#039;, rtrim($path, &#039;/ &#039;));
		return substr(basename(&#039;X&#039;.$splited[count($splited) - 1], $suffix), 1);
	}

}
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